2 Thessalonians 1:8

Authorized King James Version

In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐν
In
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#2
πυρὶ
fire
"fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning)
#3
φλογός
flaming
a blaze
#4
διδόντος
taking
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#5
ἐκδίκησιν
vengeance
vindication, retribution
#6
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#8
εἰδόσιν
on them that know
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#9
θεὸν
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#13
ὑπακούουσιν
that obey
to hear under (as a subordinate), i.e., to listen attentively; by implication, to heed or conform to a command or authority
#14
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
εὐαγγελίῳ
the gospel
a good message, i.e., the gospel
#16
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
κυρίου
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#18
ἡμῶν
of our
of (or from) us
#19
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#20
Χριστοῦ·
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Thessalonians. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection